relation.ttl

@prefix plato: <https://w3id.org/plato#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix whgx: <https://whgazetteer.org/example/> .

# The "whgx:" prefix is used throughout these examples for illustrative
# URIs that represent WHG entities (Things, Attestations, Sources, etc.).
# In a production system these would be real, resolvable WHG identifiers.
# External URIs that already exist are used directly.


# =============================================================================
# Thing-to-Thing relation with meta-attestation
#
# Scenario: A scholar attests that Karakorum was the capital of the Mongol
# Empire during a particular period, based on Rashid al-Din's Compendium
# of Chronicles. A second scholar creates a meta-attestation noting that
# this is disputed — some sources suggest the capital function moved to
# Shangdu (Xanadu) earlier than conventionally dated.
#
# This demonstrates:
#   1. Thing-to-Thing relations via RelationType authorities
#   2. Meta-attestations modelling scholarly disagreement
# =============================================================================


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Things
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

whgx:thing/karakorum
    a plato:Thing ;
    plato:thing_identifier "whg:karakorum" ;
    plato:namespace "whg" ;
    plato:ccodes "MN" .

whgx:thing/mongol-empire
    a plato:Thing ;
    plato:thing_identifier "whg:mongol-empire" ;
    plato:namespace "whg" .


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RelationType: capital_of
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

whgx:reltype/capital-of
    a plato:RelationType ;
    plato:authority_title "capital of" ;
    plato:relation_label "capital_of" ;
    plato:inverse_label "has_capital" ;
    plato:relation_domain "settlement" ;
    plato:relation_range "polity" .


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Names (for context — each would have its own attestations elsewhere,
# but included here to make the example readable)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

whgx:name/karakorum-mn
    a plato:Name ;
    plato:toponym "Каракорум" ;
    plato:language "mn" ;
    plato:script "Cyrl" ;
    plato:romanized "Karakorum" ;
    plato:name_type "toponym" .

whgx:name/mongol-empire-en
    a plato:Name ;
    plato:toponym "Mongol Empire" ;
    plato:language "en" ;
    plato:script "Latn" ;
    plato:name_type "toponym" .


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Timespan
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

whgx:timespan/karakorum-capital
    a plato:Timespan ;
    plato:start_earliest "1230" ;
    plato:start_latest "1240" ;
    plato:end_earliest "1256" ;
    plato:end_latest "1263" ;
    plato:start_precision "decade" ;
    plato:end_precision "decade" ;
    plato:timespan_label "Karakorum as Mongol capital (uncertain dates)" .


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Sources
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

whgx:source/rashid-al-din
    a plato:Source ;
    plato:authority_title "Jami' al-tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles)" ;
    plato:bibliographic_string "Rashid al-Din, Jami' al-tawarikh, c. 1307. Ed. and trans. W.M. Thackston, 1998." ;
    plato:partOf whgx:dataset/mongol-sources .

whgx:source/allsen-2001
    a plato:Source ;
    plato:authority_title "Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia" ;
    plato:bibliographic_string "Allsen, T.T. (2001). Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia. Cambridge University Press." ;
    plato:partOf whgx:dataset/mongol-secondary .

whgx:dataset/mongol-sources
    a plato:Dataset ;
    plato:authority_title "Primary Sources for the Mongol Empire" .

whgx:dataset/mongol-secondary
    a plato:Dataset ;
    plato:authority_title "Secondary Literature on the Mongol Empire" .


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Contributors
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

whgx:org/central-asian-studies
    a plato:Organization ;
    rdfs:label "Central Asian Studies Program" .

whgx:org/tcnj
    a plato:Organization ;
    rdfs:label "College of New Jersey" .

whgx:contributor/scholar-a
    a plato:Contributor ;
    plato:contributor_name "David Morgan" ;
    plato:contributor_orcid "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-2345-6789" ;
    plato:contributor_affiliation whgx:org/central-asian-studies ;
    plato:contributor_role "principal_investigator" .

whgx:contributor/scholar-b
    a plato:Contributor ;
    plato:contributor_name "Thomas Allsen" ;
    plato:contributor_orcid "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3456-7890" ;
    plato:contributor_affiliation whgx:org/tcnj ;
    plato:contributor_role "external_contributor" .


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Attestation: Karakorum was capital of the Mongol Empire, 1235–1260
#
# This attestation uses both plato:attests_about (the subject Thing) and
# plato:relates_to (the target Thing), with plato:has_relation_type
# specifying the nature of the relationship.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

whgx:attestation/karakorum-capital
    a plato:Attestation ;
    plato:attests_about whgx:thing/karakorum ;
    plato:relates_to whgx:thing/mongol-empire ;
    plato:has_relation_type whgx:reltype/capital-of ;
    plato:attests_timespan whgx:timespan/karakorum-capital ;
    plato:sourced_by whgx:source/rashid-al-din ;
    plato:contributed_by whgx:contributor/scholar-a ;
    plato:certainty 0.85 ;
    plato:certainty_note "Well attested in Rashid al-Din, though exact dates of capital status are debated." ;
    plato:created "2026-02-15T14:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime .


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Meta-attestation: Scholar B disputes the end date
#
# This is an Attestation whose plato:meta_attestation_about points to the
# original attestation. It does not replace or delete the original —
# both coexist, representing the state of scholarly debate.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

whgx:attestation/karakorum-dispute
    a plato:Attestation ;
    plato:meta_attestation_about whgx:attestation/karakorum-capital ;
    plato:has_meta_type whgx:meta-type/refines ;
    plato:sourced_by whgx:source/allsen-2001 ;
    plato:contributed_by whgx:contributor/scholar-b ;
    plato:certainty 0.7 ;
    plato:notes """
        Allsen argues that the capital function began shifting to Shangdu
        as early as 1256, before Kublai Khan's formal establishment there
        in 1263. The end date of 1260 for Karakorum's capital status may
        therefore be too late — the transition was gradual rather than a
        discrete event.
    """ ;
    plato:created "2026-02-15T16:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime .

# Meta-attestation type as SKOS concept
whgx:meta-type/refines
    a skos:Concept ;
    skos:prefLabel "refines"@en ;
    skos:definition "Provides more precise information than the target attestation"@en .


# =============================================================================
# Observations
#
# 1. The relation "capital_of" is not hard-coded in the ontology. It is a
#    RelationType authority that can be created by any project. The ontology
#    provides the mechanism (plato:relates_to + plato:has_relation_type);
#    the vocabulary grows organically.
#
# 2. The meta-attestation does not delete or replace the original. Both
#    attestations are visible. A query for "what was the capital of the
#    Mongol Empire?" returns both, with their respective certainty values,
#    sources, and notes. The system preserves scholarly disagreement rather
#    than forcing a single answer.
#
# 3. Scholar B's meta-attestation has type "refines" rather than
#    "contradicts" — the dispute is about dating, not about whether
#    Karakorum was ever a capital. The meta-type vocabulary allows
#    this nuance.
#
# 4. If Scholar B wanted to propose an alternative end date, they could
#    create a separate attestation for the same relation with a different
#    Timespan (e.g. 1235–1256), rather than modifying Scholar A's
#    attestation. Both would coexist.
# =============================================================================