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Bacon Language Reference

Quick reference for all Bacon syntax and built-in functions.

Variables

fast for immutable, åpen for mutable. Initial value required.

fast x er 5
åpen y er "hello"
y er "world"

A name cannot be redeclared in the same scope, even from fast to åpen or vice versa. Reassigning an åpen variable uses er without fast/åpen.

Scoping

A new scope is introduced by:

  • A prosess body
  • A for hver body (a fresh scope per iteration, so the loop variable does not leak out)
  • A rute body

hvis/ellers and så lenge bodies share the enclosing scope. That means you cannot redeclare a name inside an hvis block that already exists outside it:

fast x er 5
hvis sant {
    fast x er 10   // Runtime error: Cannot redefine immutable variable 'x'
}

Use a different name, or change the outer variable to åpen and reassign with er.

Types

Bacon Description
heltall 64-bit integer
desimal 64-bit floating point
tekst String
boolsk true/false (sant/usant)
liste List
ingenting Null/none value

Operators

Arithmetic

+, -, *, /, %

Numeric promotion: integer + decimal = decimal.

Comparison

  • er — equality
  • er ikke — inequality
  • større enn — greater than
  • mindre enn — less than
  • større eller lik — greater or equal
  • mindre eller lik — less or equal

Equality is value-based for primitives (heltall, desimal, tekst, boolsk, ingenting) and across the integer/decimal boundary. Lists and besetning instances currently compare by reference, so [1, 2, 3] er [1, 2, 3] returns usant. Comparing values of different types (e.g. 5 er "5") is always usant, never an error.

Logical

  • og — and
  • eller — or
  • ikke — not

Control flow

If/else

hvis x større enn 5 {
    skriv("stor")
} ellers hvis x større enn 0 {
    skriv("liten men positiv")
} ellers {
    skriv("null eller negativ")
}

While loop

åpen i er 0
så lenge i mindre enn 10 {
    i er i + 1
}

For each

for hver tall i [1, 2, 3] {
    skriv(tall)
}

Functions (prosess)

prosess summer(a, b) {
    leverer a + b
}

prosess hovedprogram() {
    skriv(summer(2, 3))
}

hovedprogram is the entry point when running console programs.

Custom types (besetning)

besetning Bil {
    fast id : tekst        // immutable field
    åpen modell : tekst    // mutable field
}

prosess hovedprogram() {
    fast min_bil er Bil("1", "Volvo")
    skriv(min_bil.modell)
    min_bil.modell er "Toyota"
}

Constructor uses positional arguments, in declaration order. All fields are required.

Errors

prøv {
    kast "noe gikk galt"
} fanger feil {
    skriv("fanget:", feil)
}

(Note: try/catch is parsed but not yet evaluated)

Built-in functions

Function Description
skriv(...) Print values to stdout, space-separated
lengde(value) Length of string or list
til_tekst(value) Convert any value to string

Web API

Routes are top-level declarations:

rute GET "/bil/{id}" {
    leverer hent_bil(parameter.id)
}

Path parameters available as parameter.<name>.

Run as web server with --serve:

dotnet run --project src/Bacon.Cli/Bacon.Cli.csproj -- --serve api.bacon

Options:

  • --port <port> — port to bind to (default 5000)
  • --host <host> — host to bind to (default localhost; use 0.0.0.0 for container scenarios)

Notes:

  • Bacon serves HTTP only. For HTTPS, use a reverse proxy like Caddy or nginx in front.
  • HTTP methods are case-sensitive and must be uppercase. Lowercase get will be parsed as an identifier, not an HTTP method.

Comments

// Single-line comments use double-slash

Norwegian-English glossary

Bacon English
fast let/const (immutable)
åpen var/let (mutable)
prosess function
besetning struct/record
leverer return
hvis / ellers if / else
så lenge while
for hver foreach
er = (assignment) / == (equality)
kast throw
prøv / fanger try / catch
sant / usant true / false
ingenting null/none
parameter path params (in routes)